A colonização do território brasileiro realizada pelos portugueses depois de 1500 foi baseada na exploração da terra e das riquezas naturais através da utilização da mão de obra escrava. Por quase quatrocentos anos, cerca de cinco milhões de escravos foram trazidos da África para onde hoje se localiza o Brasil.
A libertação dos escravos no Brasil só ocorreu definitivamente em 1888, quando foi assinada a Lei Áurea, abolindo a escravidão no país.
Mas a libertação dos escravos não foi um evento que ocorreu do dia para a noite. Durante todo o período colonial e imperial ocorreram lutas de resistência realizadas pelos escravos contra a exploração e a opressão a que estavam submetidos.
A exploração e
opressão ocorriam através de longas jornadas de trabalho, castigos físicos e péssimas condições de alimentação e de moradia dadas aos africanos escravizados. As fugas das fazendas e engenhos, bem como a formação dos quilombos, são exemplos dessa resistência.
A resistência dos cativos (outro nome dado aos escravos) contra a escravidão, somada a uma pressão da Inglaterra pelo fim dessa forma de trabalho, levou o Império Brasileiro a publicar uma série de leis que resultaria na abolição da escravidão e na libertação dos escravos.
Uma das primeiras leis que pretendiam acabar com a escravidão foi a chamada Lei Feijó, de 1831, que proibia o tráfico e considerava livres todos os escravos que entrassem no Brasil após aquela data. Em razão do grande poder dos donos de escravos, a lei não foi colocada em prática.
Em 1845, a Inglaterra promulgou o Bill Aberdeen, uma lei que proibia o tráfico no Oceano Atlântico. Essa lei inglesa pressionou o governo brasileiro a decretar a Lei Eusébio de Queirós, em 1850, que proibia o comércio de escravos para o Brasil. Apesar da proibição do comércio de escravos, ainda era legal ser dono de escravos no país.
Outra lei foi promulgada em 1871, a Lei do Ventre Livre. Através dessa lei, os filhos de escravas nascidos no Brasil após essa data eram considerados livres. Entretanto, essas crianças deveriam ficar sob os cuidados do senhor que era dono de suas mães até completarem 21 anos. Essa situação fazia com que os escravos trabalhassem até essa idade, mesmo com a lei.
As lutas e fugas dos escravos foram se tornando cada vez maiores no período, sendo criado ainda um movimento pela abolição da escravidão no Brasil. Em face dessa pressão, foi promulgada, em 1885, a Lei dos Sexagenários, que dava liberdade aos escravos com mais de 60 anos. Mas poucos escravos chegavam a essa idade, e mesmo os que chegavam não tinham garantia de conseguir uma fonte de renda após a liberdade.
Em 1888, no dia 13 de maio, foi assinada pela princesa Isabel, filha de D. Pedro II, a Lei Áurea. Com essa lei, era abolida definitivamente a escravidão no Brasil. Entretanto, não houve a adoção de nenhuma medida que levasse à inclusão dos escravos libertos na sociedade brasileira, deixando-os marginalizados e alvos do racismo vigente no Brasil.
Por Tales Pinto
Mestre em História
GALERIA-1294-13-MAIO-1888-DIA-ABOLICAO-ESCRAVATURA.JPG
A escravidão no Brasil foi amplamente documentada pelos fotógrafos do século XIX. Contribuíram para isto o fato de ter a fotografia chegado cedo ao país, em 1840, sendo o imperador Pedro II um grande entusiasta, além de ter sido o último país das Américas a abolir a escravatura, em 1888. Por cerca de 350 anos, o Brasil – destino de 4,5 milhões de escravos africanos – foi o maior território escravagista do Ocidente, mantendo este sistema tanto no campo como na cidade – o lugar de trabalho era o lugar do escravo. Muitas vezes o objetivo das fotografias não era a denúncia e sim o estético ou, ainda, o registro do exótico.
A Galeria do Dia da Abolição da Escravatura exibe fotos de escravos em situações de trabalho, em momentos de descanso ou mesmo em poses obtidas em estúdios. Dentre seus autores estão Alberto Henschel, Augusto Riedel, Augusto Stahl, George Leuzinger, João Goston, Marc Ferrez , Revert Henrique Klumb, além de alguns anônimos.
A formidable share, I just given this onto a colleague who was doing just a little analysis on this. And he in reality bought me breakfast as a result of I discovered it for him.. smile. So let me reword that: Thnx for the treat! However yeah Thnkx for spending the time to debate this, I really feel strongly about it and love studying extra on this topic. If possible, as you turn out to be expertise, would you mind updating your weblog with more particulars? It is highly useful for me. Large thumb up for this weblog post!
Thank you for another informative website. The place else may I am getting that kind of information written in such a perfect way? I have a mission that I am just now operating on, and I’ve been at the look out for such information.
I just could not go away your web site before suggesting that I actually enjoyed the usual information an individual supply for your visitors? Is going to be back continuously to inspect new posts
Thanks for another fantastic post. Where else could anyone get that kind of info in such an ideal way of writing? I’ve a presentation next week, and I am on the look for such info.
Thanks for another magnificent post. Where else could anybody get that kind of info in such an ideal way of writing? I have a presentation next week, and I am on the look for such information.
It’s perfect time to make some plans for the future and it’s time to be happy. I have read this post and if I could I desire to suggest you few interesting things or advice. Maybe you could write next articles referring to this article. I desire to read more things about it!
Have you ever considered writing an ebook or guest authoring on other sites? I have a blog based on the same information you discuss and would love to have you share some stories/information. I know my visitors would appreciate your work. If you’re even remotely interested, feel free to send me an e mail.
Do you have a spam issue on this website; I also am a blogger, and I was curious about your situation; we have created some nice methods and we are looking to swap strategies with other folks, be sure to shoot me an email if interested.
I have been checking out many of your posts and i can state nice stuff. I will definitely bookmark your site.
I love what you guys are usually up too. Such clever work and exposure! Keep up the excellent works guys I’ve incorporated you guys to blogroll.
Hello very cool web site!! Guy .. Excellent .. Wonderful .. I will bookmark your website and take the feeds also…I’m glad to search out numerous useful info here within the publish, we want work out extra strategies on this regard, thank you for sharing. . . . . .
F*ckin’ tremendous things here. I am very glad to see your post. Thanks a lot and i am looking forward to contact you. Will you please drop me a e-mail?
You could certainly see your enthusiasm in the work you write. The world hopes for even more passionate writers like you who aren’t afraid to say how they believe. Always go after your heart.
Today, I went to the beachfront with my kids. I found a sea shell and gave it to my 4 year old daughter and said “You can hear the ocean if you put this to your ear.” She placed the shell to her ear and screamed. There was a hermit crab inside and it pinched her ear. She never wants to go back! LoL I know this is completely off topic but I had to tell someone!
Hello! Do you know if they make any plugins to protect against hackers? I’m kinda paranoid about losing everything I’ve worked hard on. Any tips?
After I initially commented I clicked the -Notify me when new feedback are added- checkbox and now every time a remark is added I get four emails with the same comment. Is there any manner you possibly can remove me from that service? Thanks!
Great – I should definitely pronounce, impressed with your website. I had no trouble navigating through all tabs as well as related info ended up being truly simple to do to access. I recently found what I hoped for before you know it at all. Reasonably unusual. Is likely to appreciate it for those who add forums or anything, web site theme . a tones way for your customer to communicate. Excellent task..
Pretty nice post. I just stumbled upon your blog and wanted to say that I’ve really enjoyed surfing around your blog posts. After all I’ll be subscribing to your feed and I hope you write again soon!
It is best to participate in a contest for one of the best blogs on the web. I’ll advocate this website!
Write more, thats all I have to say. Literally, it seems as though you relied on the video to make your point. You obviously know what youre talking about, why waste your intelligence on just posting videos to your site when you could be giving us something enlightening to read?
Hmm is anyone else having problems with the pictures on this blog loading? I’m trying to figure out if its a problem on my end or if it’s the blog. Any feed-back would be greatly appreciated.
Heya i’m for the first time here. I found this board and I to find It really helpful & it helped me out much. I’m hoping to offer one thing back and help others like you helped me.
I’ve been surfing online more than 3 hours today, yet I never found any interesting article like yours. It’s pretty worth enough for me. In my view, if all web owners and bloggers made good content as you did, the internet will be a lot more useful than ever before.
Its like you read my mind! You seem to know a lot about this, like you wrote the book in it or something. I think that you could do with some pics to drive the message home a little bit, but instead of that, this is great blog. An excellent read. I will definitely be back.
Hello there, You have done an excellent job. I will definitely digg it and personally suggest to my friends. I am confident they will be benefited from this web site.
There’s noticeably a bundle to learn about this. I assume you made sure nice points in features also.
Hello my friend! I wish to say that this article is amazing, nice written and include approximately all significant infos. I’d like to see more posts like this.
I’m very happy to read this. This is the kind of manual that needs to be given and not the accidental misinformation that is at the other blogs. Appreciate your sharing this greatest doc.
fantastic put up, very informative. I’m wondering why the opposite specialists of this sector do not understand this. You must continue your writing. I’m sure, you have a great readers’ base already!
I’ll right away grab your rss feed as I can’t in finding your e-mail subscription link or e-newsletter service. Do you’ve any? Please let me recognise in order that I could subscribe. Thanks.
This is very interesting, You are a very skilled blogger. I have joined your feed and look forward to seeking more of your wonderful post. Also, I have shared your website in my social networks!
Virtually all of whatever you mention happens to be astonishingly precise and it makes me wonder the reason why I had not looked at this in this light before. Your piece really did turn the light on for me personally as far as this subject matter goes. Nonetheless at this time there is just one position I am not necessarily too comfy with and whilst I make an effort to reconcile that with the core idea of the issue, let me see what the rest of the readers have to say.Very well done.
Hi there, You have done an incredible job. I will certainly digg it and personally suggest to my friends. I am confident they’ll be benefited from this site.
Great – I should certainly pronounce, impressed with your website. I had no trouble navigating through all the tabs and related information ended up being truly simple to do to access. I recently found what I hoped for before you know it in the least. Reasonably unusual. Is likely to appreciate it for those who add forums or something, website theme . a tones way for your customer to communicate. Excellent task..
you are in point of fact a excellent webmaster. The site loading velocity is amazing. It sort of feels that you’re doing any unique trick. Furthermore, The contents are masterpiece. you’ve done a great activity on this matter!
I used to be suggested this website by way of my cousin. I’m now not positive whether this put up is written by way of him as no one else recognize such designated about my problem. You’re amazing! Thanks!
Write more, thats all I have to say. Literally, it seems as though you relied on the video to make your point. You clearly know what youre talking about, why throw away your intelligence on just posting videos to your site when you could be giving us something enlightening to read?
Everyone loves what you guys tend to be up too. This type of clever work and exposure! Keep up the superb works guys I’ve incorporated you guys to my blogroll.
Hi, Neat post. There’s a problem with your site in internet explorer, would check this… IE still is the market leader and a good portion of people will miss your magnificent writing due to this problem.
whoah this blog is great i love reading your posts. Keep up the good work! You know, lots of people are hunting around for this info, you could help them greatly.
Youre so cool! I dont suppose Ive learn anything like this before. So good to search out someone with some authentic ideas on this subject. realy thanks for starting this up. this website is something that is needed on the net, someone with a bit of originality. useful job for bringing one thing new to the web!
It’s a shame you don’t have a donate button! I’d certainly donate to this outstanding blog! I guess for now i’ll settle for book-marking and adding your RSS feed to my Google account. I look forward to brand new updates and will talk about this site with my Facebook group. Chat soon!
I don’t even know the way I finished up right here, but I believed this publish was once great. I don’t know who you are but certainly you’re going to a well-known blogger in case you aren’t already 😉 Cheers!
Attractive component to content. I simply stumbled upon your website and in accession capital to say that I acquire actually loved account your weblog posts. Any way I’ll be subscribing on your feeds and even I fulfillment you get admission to constantly fast.
Pretty section of content. I just stumbled upon your blog and in accession capital to assert that I acquire in fact enjoyed account your blog posts. Any way I will be subscribing to your feeds and even I achievement you access consistently quickly.
I do believe all of the ideas you’ve offered on your post. They are really convincing and will definitely work. Nonetheless, the posts are too short for starters. May just you please extend them a little from subsequent time? Thanks for the post.
Heya are using WordPress for your site platform? I’m new to the blog world but I’m trying to get started and set up my own. Do you need any html coding knowledge to make your own blog? Any help would be really appreciated!
Thanks a lot for sharing this with all of us you really know what you are talking about! Bookmarked. Kindly also visit my website =). We could have a link exchange contract between us!
Thank you for another informative blog. Where else could I get that kind of info written in such an ideal way? I have a project that I am just now working on, and I have been on the look out for such info.
Hey very cool web site!! Man .. Beautiful .. Amazing .. I will bookmark your site and take the feeds also…I’m happy to find numerous useful information here in the post, we need develop more strategies in this regard, thanks for sharing. . . . . .
Hi my friend! I wish to say that this post is amazing, nice written and include approximately all vital infos. I’d like to see more posts like this.
you’re really a good webmaster. The web site loading speed is incredible. It seems that you are doing any unique trick. Also, The contents are masterwork. you’ve done a magnificent job on this topic!
Thanks for sharing superb informations. Your website is so cool. I’m impressed by the details that you’ve on this site. It reveals how nicely you understand this subject. Bookmarked this web page, will come back for extra articles. You, my pal, ROCK! I found just the information I already searched everywhere and just couldn’t come across. What an ideal site.
I just couldn’t depart your site prior to suggesting that I actually enjoyed the usual information an individual provide on your visitors? Is going to be back incessantly to investigate cross-check new posts
Generally I don’t read article on blogs, but I would like to say that this write-up very forced me to try and do it! Your writing style has been amazed me. Thanks, very nice post.
After study a number of of the blog posts in your website now, and I truly like your manner of blogging. I bookmarked it to my bookmark web site list and might be checking back soon. Pls check out my web site as nicely and let me know what you think.
It’s actually a great and useful piece of info. I’m glad that you just shared this useful information with us. Please keep us informed like this. Thank you for sharing.
I’m so happy to read this. This is the kind of manual that needs to be given and not the random misinformation that is at the other blogs. Appreciate your sharing this best doc.
I don’t even know the way I ended up right here, however I thought this publish used to be great. I do not recognize who you’re however certainly you are going to a well-known blogger for those who aren’t already 😉 Cheers!
you are really a just right webmaster. The site loading speed is amazing. It sort of feels that you are doing any unique trick. Also, The contents are masterpiece. you’ve done a wonderful task on this topic!
I must express some appreciation to this writer just for rescuing me from this particular situation. Because of exploring throughout the search engines and seeing proposals which were not productive, I was thinking my entire life was done. Existing devoid of the approaches to the problems you have resolved as a result of the short post is a serious case, and ones which might have badly affected my entire career if I had not encountered your web site. Your own natural talent and kindness in controlling the whole thing was invaluable. I’m not sure what I would’ve done if I hadn’t discovered such a stuff like this. I can also at this moment look ahead to my future. Thanks so much for this reliable and amazing help. I won’t think twice to recommend your blog to any individual who needs counselling on this matter.
Hey there! This post couldn’t be written any better! Reading through this post reminds me of my previous room mate! He always kept chatting about this. I will forward this write-up to him. Fairly certain he will have a good read. Thanks for sharing!
I like the helpful info you provide in your articles. I’ll bookmark your blog and check again here frequently. I’m quite certain I will learn many new stuff right here! Good luck for the next!
After research a couple of of the weblog posts in your web site now, and I really like your manner of blogging. I bookmarked it to my bookmark web site record and might be checking back soon. Pls try my site as well and let me know what you think.
Wow! This can be one particular of the most beneficial blogs We have ever arrive across on this subject. Actually Excellent. I’m also a specialist in this topic therefore I can understand your effort.
Valuable info. Lucky me I found your site by accident, and I’m shocked why this accident didn’t happened earlier! I bookmarked it.
I have been examinating out many of your posts and it’s clever stuff. I will surely bookmark your site.
Great post. I was checking constantly this blog and I’m impressed! Extremely helpful information specially the last part 🙂 I care for such information a lot. I was seeking this particular information for a long time. Thank you and good luck.
Wow that was strange. I just wrote an really long comment but after I clicked submit my comment didn’t appear. Grrrr… well I’m not writing all that over again. Regardless, just wanted to say superb blog!
Thank you, I have recently been searching for information about this subject for ages and yours is the best I’ve discovered so far. But, what about the conclusion? Are you sure about the source?
Today, I went to the beach with my children. I found a sea shell and gave it to my 4 year old daughter and said “You can hear the ocean if you put this to your ear.” She put the shell to her ear and screamed. There was a hermit crab inside and it pinched her ear. She never wants to go back! LoL I know this is entirely off topic but I had to tell someone!
What i don’t understood is in truth how you’re now not really much more smartly-appreciated than you might be now. You’re very intelligent. You know therefore significantly in relation to this topic, made me in my view consider it from numerous numerous angles. Its like women and men don’t seem to be interested until it is something to do with Girl gaga! Your personal stuffs great. Always care for it up!
I would like to thnkx for the efforts you have put in writing this blog. I am hoping the same high-grade website post from you in the upcoming also. Actually your creative writing skills has encouraged me to get my own site now. Really the blogging is spreading its wings rapidly. Your write up is a great example of it.
Aw, this was a very nice post. In thought I want to put in writing like this moreover – taking time and precise effort to make a very good article… however what can I say… I procrastinate alot and in no way seem to get something done.
Hey are using WordPress for your blog platform? I’m new to the blog world but I’m trying to get started and set up my own. Do you need any html coding knowledge to make your own blog? Any help would be greatly appreciated!
magnificent post, very informative. I wonder why the other specialists of this sector don’t realize this. You must continue your writing. I am confident, you’ve a great readers’ base already!
What i don’t understood is actually how you’re not really much more well-liked than you may be now. You are so intelligent. You realize thus considerably relating to this subject, made me personally consider it from numerous varied angles. Its like women and men aren’t fascinated unless it is one thing to accomplish with Lady gaga! Your own stuffs excellent. Always maintain it up!
I like what you guys are usually up too. This sort of clever work and coverage! Keep up the very good works guys I’ve added you guys to my blogroll.
I’ve been browsing online more than three hours today, yet I never found any interesting article like yours. It’s pretty worth enough for me. Personally, if all site owners and bloggers made good content as you did, the net will be much more useful than ever before.
My husband and i got happy Louis managed to carry out his basic research through your precious recommendations he was given from your web pages. It is now and again perplexing to just find yourself giving out tips and hints which usually the others have been trying to sell. And we understand we now have the website owner to be grateful to for that. All the explanations you’ve made, the easy web site navigation, the relationships your site help promote – it is most terrific, and it is letting our son and our family imagine that that subject is thrilling, which is exceedingly important. Thank you for everything!
Would you be concerned about exchanging hyperlinks?
Its such as you learn my thoughts! You seem to know so much approximately this, like you wrote the ebook in it or something. I believe that you could do with a few percent to drive the message house a little bit, however other than that, that is fantastic blog. A great read. I’ll definitely be back.
Someone essentially help to make seriously articles I would state. This is the very first time I frequented your web page and thus far? I amazed with the research you made to make this particular publish extraordinary. Excellent job!
F*ckin’ remarkable things here. I’m very glad to see your post. Thanks a lot and i am looking forward to contact you. Will you kindly drop me a e-mail?
Hello, you used to write fantastic, but the last few posts have been kinda boring… I miss your great writings. Past several posts are just a little bit out of track! come on!
hello!,I like your writing so much! share we communicate more about your article on AOL? I need an expert on this area to solve my problem. Maybe that’s you! Looking forward to see you.
This website is known as a stroll-by for all of the information you needed about this and didn’t know who to ask. Glimpse here, and you’ll undoubtedly discover it.
very nice publish, i actually love this web site, carry on it
Wonderful site. A lot of useful information here. I am sending it to some friends ans also sharing in delicious. And obviously, thanks for your sweat!
Thanks for another informative blog. Where else could I get that type of info written in such a perfect way? I have a project that I’m just now working on, and I’ve been on the look out for such information.
This is really fascinating, You are a very professional blogger. I have joined your feed and sit up for searching for more of your fantastic post. Additionally, I’ve shared your web site in my social networks!
I know this if off topic but I’m looking into starting my own blog and was curious what all is required to get setup? I’m assuming having a blog like yours would cost a pretty penny? I’m not very web smart so I’m not 100 sure. Any tips or advice would be greatly appreciated. Kudos
Please let me know if you’re looking for a writer for your weblog. You have some really good articles and I think I would be a good asset. If you ever want to take some of the load off, I’d love to write some articles for your blog in exchange for a link back to mine. Please send me an email if interested. Regards!
Great beat ! I wish to apprentice whilst you amend your web site, how could i subscribe for a weblog website? The account aided me a appropriate deal. I have been a little bit familiar of this your broadcast offered shiny clear concept
You made some good points there. I looked on the internet for the subject and found most individuals will consent with your website.
Thank you, I have just been looking for information about this topic for ages and yours is the greatest I have discovered till now. But, what about the conclusion? Are you sure about the source?
Its like you read my mind! You appear to know a lot about this, like you wrote the book in it or something. I think that you could do with a few pics to drive the message home a little bit, but instead of that, this is fantastic blog. An excellent read. I will definitely be back.
That is very attention-grabbing, You’re an overly skilled blogger. I’ve joined your feed and stay up for in quest of extra of your great post. Also, I have shared your site in my social networks!
Hi! This is my first comment here so I just wanted to give a quick shout out and tell you I truly enjoy reading your blog posts. Can you suggest any other blogs/websites/forums that go over the same topics? Many thanks!
I am curious to find out what blog system you are working with? I’m having some small security problems with my latest blog and I would like to find something more safe. Do you have any solutions?